Vermiculite is a natural, inorganic, non-toxic mineral that expands under high temperature. It is a relatively rare mineral, belonging to the silicate group. Its crystal structure is monoclinic crystal system, and its appearance is similar to mica.

Non-toxic. Medical stone is a compound mineral or medicinal rock that is non-toxic and harmless to organisms and has certain biological activity. The main chemical composition of medical stone is inorganic silicaluminate. Including SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, FeO, MgO, CaO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O5, MnO, etc., also contains some of the major elements required by animals, such as: K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mo and other trace elements and rare earth elements, about 58 kinds of.

Coral sand is a fragment of coral or shell that consistently releases calcium carbonate and comes in a variety of sizes and sizes. The biggest feature of coral sand is that it is rich in micropores, suitable for the survival of a large number of biochemical bacteria, and can be used as a filter material.

Emery, SiC, also known as silicon carbide. Pure is a colorless crystal. Density 3.06~3.20. It's very hard, about 9.5 degrees Morse. Generally, it is a colorless powdery particle. After grinding, it can be used as grinding powder, polishing paper, and friction surfaces for grinding wheels and whetstones. It is made by heating sand and carbon in an electric furnace.

Washed stone is a decorative material made of natural stone, through a special treatment process, so that the fine particles on the surface of the stone are removed, exposing the natural texture and color of the stone. This treatment can highlight the texture and beauty of the stone, while increasing its durability and anti-slip properties.

Colored sand is divided into natural colored sand, sintered colored sand, temporary dyed color sand, permanent dyed color sand. Its characteristics are: bright color, acid and alkali resistance, ultraviolet resistance, do not fade. Natural color sand: It is crushed by natural ore, which does not fade but has more impurities. Temporary dyeing color sand: bright color, easy to decolorize.

Medical stone is a kind of natural ore with porous, light weight and high temperature resistance. It is widely used in the fields of building materials, agriculture, horticulture, fireproof materials and industrial filtration, and plays an important role.

Geophagy has been considered as an adaptive behavior in humans and animals (1) and the clays have been considered the healing materials from ancient times. As geophagia is an occasionally habits of animals and humans (babies and pregnant women), physiologically it is assumed that earth might have some beneficial effects on body function. Bentonite is absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay. It is named after Fort Benton, Wyoming where its largest sources are found. Its other name, Montmorillonite clay, stems from the region of France called Montmorillon, where it was first found. It has been used and eaten from ancient time till now as human believes in its therapeutic benefits. When it is mixed with water a paste is formed which has been used both externally and internally. In some places such as Iran, it has been widely used as a hair cleanser from old time. There is enough literature showing its safety after chronic oral consumption (2–6). As this clay is abundant, non-expensive and natural, this article aimed to review the scientific papers reporting the effects of this clay on body.

Silicon carbide (SiC), a compound of silicon and carbon, is a fascinating material that has earned its place as a leading abrasive in various industries. Manufactured through a high-temperature smelting process involving quartz sand, petroleum coke, and wood chips, silicon carbide is renowned for its uniform particle size, high refractoriness, and sharp edges.

Vermiculite is a natural, inorganic, non-toxic mineral that expands under high temperature. It is a relatively rare mineral, belonging to the silicate group. Its crystal structure is monoclinic crystal system, and its appearance is similar to mica. Vermiculite is produced by the hydration of certain granite.

Silicon carbide (SiC) powder is a pillar of the advanced material world, widely recognized for its numerous applications in a wide range of sectors.

When it comes to abrasive materials, two contenders stand out in the ring.

Fused quartz is the amorphous (glassy) state of silicon oxide (quartz, silica), which is a typical glass with a long-range disordered atomic structure. It provides its high service temperature and low coefficient of thermal expansion through a three-dimensional structure cross-linking.

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Talcum powder, also known as talc powder, has been a staple in many households for years. This versa